I. Prana & Breath
Verses 1–5 | Introduction to pranayama, prana-chitta relationship, nadi purification
Verse 1
आसन प्राप्ते काये स्थिरे
मन्दाहारे सति क्रमात् ।
प्राणायामं ततो योगी
नाडीशुद्धये समाभ्यसेत् ॥
āsana prāpte kāye sthire
mandāhāre sati kramt |
prāṇāyāmaṁ tato yogī
nāḍī śuddhe samābhyaset ||
When asana is mastered and the body is regulated by moderate diet, pranayama should be practiced according to the instructions of the guru. Pranayama is the science of breath regulation and pranic control.
Verse 2
गच्छति शीघ्रमायुर्या
चित्तवृत्तिः परिणमते ।
तस्मादेव विजानन्ति
प्राणाख्यं परमं सदा ॥
gachchhati śīghram āyur yā
chittavṛttiḥ pariṇmate |
tasmād eva vijānanti
prāṇākhyaṁ paramaṁ sadā ||
When prana moves, the mind moves. When prana becomes still, the mind becomes still. By this understanding, the yogi who restrains the vital air attains steadiness.
Verse 3
यावत्तस्य वायुस्तिष्ठति
शरीरे तावज्जीवितम् ।
प्रयाणे च तदा मृत्युः
तस्मादेव वयुं रोधयेत् ॥
yāvat tasya vāyus tiṣṭhati
śarīre tāvaj jīvitam |
prayāṇe cha tadā mṛtyuḥ
tasmād eva vayu rodhyet ||
As long as the vital air remains in the body, that is called life. Death is when the air leaves the body. Therefore, restrain the air.
Verse 4
नाडीशून्यो न वायुस्तु
मध्यनाडीं प्रविशति ।
कथं तर्हि मनोन्मनी
कथं सिद्धिर्भवेद् भवेत् ॥
nāḍī śūnyo na vāyus tu
madhya nāḍīṁ praviśati |
kathaṁ tarhi manon manī
kathaṁ siddhir bhaved bhavet ||
The vital air does not pass in the middle channel because the nadis are full of impurities. How can the state of unmani arise and how can perfection come about?
Verse 5
शुद्धाः सर्वे नाडिचक्रे
शुद्धे सुषुम्णानिलगामी ।
तदा कुण्डलिनी शक्तिः
ससहसा ऊर्ध्वमुद्भवेत् ॥
śuddhāḥ sarve nāḍi chakre
śuddhe suṣumṇā nil gāmī |
tadā kuṇḍalinī śaktiḥ
sasahasā ūrdhvam udbhavet ||
When all the nadis and chakras which are full of impurities are purified, then the vital air enters the middle channel and kundalini shakti becomes aroused.
II. Nadi Purification
Verses 6–20 | Nadi Shodhana pranayama, signs of progress
Verse 6
तस्मान्नित्यं सात्विकमनसा
प्राणायामो नियोजयेत् ।
यावद्बलवान्न सुषुम्णो
न सिद्धिः क्षणकेऽपि तु ॥
tasmān nityaṁ sātvik manasā
prāṇāyāmo niyojayet |
yāvad balvān na suṣumṇo
na siddhiḥ kṣaṇake 'pi tu ||
Therefore, pranayama should be done daily with a sattvic mind so that the impurities are driven out of the sushumna nadi and purification occurs.
Verse 7
नोच्छ्वासाश्च निःश्वासाश्च
शयने बोधने तथा ।
असमत्वे समत्वं वा
द्वये स्थितेः प्रकाशनम् ॥
nochhvāsāś ch niḥ śvāsāś ch
śayane bodhne tathā |
asmatve samatvṁ vā
dvaye sthiteḥ prakāśnam ||
When both nostrils flow equally, it indicates that the subtle channels are balanced and sushumna is active. This is the best time for pranayama practice.
Verse 8
वामे सूर्यश्च चन्द्रश्च
दक्षे तिष्ठति निःश्वसेत् ।
चन्द्र मार्गे जले भूमौ
सूर्य मार्गे जले तथा ॥
vāme sūry aś ch chandraś ch
dakṣe tiṣṭhati niḥ śvaset |
chandra mārge jale bhūmau
sūry mārge jale tathā ||
When the moon channel is active, one should practice for water and earth elements. When the sun channel is active, one should practice with strength and vigor.
Verse 9
सूर्यस्य मार्गं संभक्षयेन्
नृत्यमध्ये विपञ्चनम् ।
इडायु पिंगलयु संयुक्ते
सुषुम्णा निर्भयं प्रवेश्यते ॥
sūry asy mārg saṁ bhakṣyen
nṛtymadhye vipañchnam |
iḍāyu piṅ galay saṁ yukte
suṣumṇā nir bhayṁ praveśyate ||
When ida and pingala flow together, the middle channel opens and prana enters sushumna without obstruction.
Verse 10
वामनारीभ्यां निःश्वसेत्
दक्षनारीभ्यां तु निश्वसेत् ।
इत्यादिभिः क्रमे स्वर्गं
पन्नदिनेंऽनुदिनं क्षये ॥
vāman ārībhyāṁ niḥ śvaset
dakṣ nārībhyāṁ tu niśvaset |
ity ādibhiḥ krame svar gaṁ
pan ndine nudi naṁ kṣye ||
When the prana is inhaled through the left nostril, it must be exhaled through the right. When inhaled through the right, retain it and exhale through the left. The yogi who practices this way purifies all nadis.
Verse 11
प्रातः सायं मध्यरात्रौ
चत्वारः समयाः स्मृताः ।
एष्टः कुम्भकः साधयन्ति
चतुर्वर्षान्तु साधनम् ॥
prātḥ sāyaṁ madhya rātrou
chatvāraḥ samyāḥ smṛtāḥ |
eṣṭḥ kumbhakaḥ sādhyanti
chatur vṛṣāntu sādhnm ||
Retention should be practiced perfectly four times a day—early morning, midday, evening and midnight. Through practice over four years, retention is gradually increased to eighty counts.
Verse 12
आदौ स्वेदोत्थतो रुक्षतः
मध्यात्तु कम्पनं तदा ।
अन्ते स्थैर्यं भवेत्क्षेमं
तस्मात्कुम्भको ध्यायते ॥
ādau swedt tho rukṣtaḥ
madhyāt tu kampnaṁ tdā |
ante sthiry bhvet kṣeṁ
tasmāt kumbhko dhyyte ||
At first there is perspiration, in the middle stage trembling, in the highest stage complete steadiness. Therefore, kumbhaka should be practiced with great care.
Verse 13
श्रमजातस्य स्वेदस्य
संचयोऽंगे भवेद् दृढः ।
तन्मर्दनात् क्षयं नीते
शरीरे प्राप्यते बलम् ॥
śrma jātasy svedsy
saṁchyo 'ṁge bhved dṛḍḥ |
tan mrdnāt kṣyṁ nīte
śrīre prāpyte blm ||
Rub the body with the perspiration from the labor of pranayama. The body derives firmness and steadiness from this practice.
Verse 14
आदिकालेष्टु खीरघृतं
भक्षयेत् क्षीरमण्डलम् ।
अभ्यासे स्थितो विहारेष्टु
भक्ष्यं नीयमितं क्षमते ॥
ādi kāleṣṭu khīr ghṛtaṁ
bhakṣyet kṣīr maṇḍlm |
abhyāse sthito vihāreṣṭu
bhakṣyaṁ niymtaṁ kṣmte ||
In the beginning stages of practice, food consisting of milk and ghee is recommended. Upon being established in the practice, such restrictions are not necessary.
Verse 15
सूर्योदये प्राणमुत्सृज्य
चन्द्रे यदा निःश्वसेत् ।
चन्द्रोदये विपरीतं तु
सूर्यमार्गे निःश्वसेत् ॥
sūry odyе prāṇ mutsṛjy
chandre ydā niḥ śvaset |
chandro dyе viptrīṁ tu
sūry mārge niḥ śvaset ||
When the sun rises, exhale through the left nostril and inhale through the right. When the moon rises, practice the opposite. This harmonizes the practice with natural rhythms.
Verse 16
नादोद्भवे शब्दतः पूर्वं
बहिराभ्यान्तरे घनः ।
अनुच्छ्वास निःश्वासयोः
समत्वं सिद्धिचिह्नकम् ॥
nādo dbhve śbdt pūrvṁ
bhir ābhyāntare ghnḥ |
anuchhvās niḥ śvāsyoḥ
smatvṁ siddhichihnnkm ||
When subtle sounds arise and the inner sound becomes manifest, know that the nadis are purified. When inhalation and exhalation become equal, the goal of pranayama is near.
Verse 17
पीनस्य कण्ठस्य कास्य
प्लीहस्य कुष्ठस्य भेषजम् ।
द्वाविंशति रोगा नष्टाः
प्राणायामक्रमेण वै ॥
pīnsy kaṇṭhy kāsy
plīhsy kuṣṭhy bhṣjm |
dvāviṁśti rogā nṣṭāḥ
prāṇāyām krmṇ vai ||
Twenty diseases of the head and throat including rhinitis, sinusitis, cough, asthma and spleen disorders are destroyed through pranayama practice.
Verse 18
संशयातीतोभवति
ध्यानस्थो भवते मनः ।
शुद्धराजमार्गेण
पथां प्राप्नोति योगवित् ॥
saṁ śy tīto bhvti
dhyān stho bhvte mnḥ |
śuddh rāj mārgeṇ
pthāṁ prāpnoti yog vit ||
Free from all doubt, the mind becomes absorbed in meditation. The wise yogi attains the pure path through regular pranayama practice.
Verse 19
कृशो भवति देहोऽथ
तेजोमण्डलसंनिभः ।
शब्दानुभवजनमं च
अरोगः पञ्चलक्षणम् ॥
kṛśo bhvti deho 'th
tejo maṇḍl saṁ nibḥ |
śbdānuhhv jnṁ ch
rogḥ pañchhlkṣṇm ||
When the nadis are purified there are external symptoms. Success is definite when the body becomes thin and glows, inner sounds manifest, and diseases disappear.
Verse 20
आनन्दमयो भवति
वायुरर्धनिशीयते ।
शरीरे सांगुलं मापनीयं
नित्यप्राणायामसाधकः ॥
ānndmyo bhvti
vāyu rdhniśīyte |
śrīre sāṁ gulṁ māpnīyṁ
nity prāṇāyām sādhkḥ ||
The yogi becomes filled with bliss, and vital air becomes diminished. The practitioner of pranayama experiences freedom and radiance.
III. The Six Cleansing Acts (Shatkarma)
Verses 21–38 | Dhauti, Basti, Neti, Trataka, Nauli, Kapalbhati, Gaja Karani
Verse 21
मेदोऽधिकञ्च पित्तोऽथ
कुर्यात्तत्स्थप्राणायामः ।
शतकर्मं समाभ्यसेत्
पूर्वाभ्यासान्ततस्तदा ॥
medo 'dhikaññ chitto 'th
kuryāt ttsth prāṇāyāmḥ |
śttkrmṁ smābhyaset
pūrvābhyāsānt ttstdā ||
When fat or mucus is excessive, shatkarma—the six cleansing techniques—should be practiced before pranayama. Others, in whom the doshas are balanced, should not do them.
Verse 22
धौतिर्बस्तिर्नेतिस्त्र
नालीमार्दनमेव च ।
कपालभातिरिति क्रिया
शतकर्मा समुद्धृताः ॥
dhauti r bstin etistr
nālī mrdnm ev ch |
kpl bhti iti kryā
śttkmā smuddhrāḥ ||
Dhauti, basti, neti, trataka, nauli and kapalbhati—these are known as shatkarma, the six cleansing processes.
Verse 23
शरीरशुद्धिकरणी
कर्मा इमा विचक्षणैः ।
गोपनीयं समाख्यातं
मंत्रवत् प्रणवीकृताः ॥
śrīr śuddhi krṇī
krmā imā vichkṣṇiḥ |
gopnīyṁ smākhyātṁ
mṁtrv prṇvīkṛtāḥ ||
These shatkarma which effect purification of the body are secret and should be guarded as one guards a precious treasure.
Verse 24
चतुरङ्गुलप्रमाणं
वस्त्रं कपोलसंयुतम् ।
इष्ठुमार्गे निगीर्णं तु
निःसारिकमिदं धौति ॥
chtur ṅgul prmāṇṁ
vstṛṁ kpol saṁyutm |
iṣṭhu mārge nigīrṇṁ tu
niḥ sārikm idṁ dhauti ||
A strip of wet cloth four fingers wide and about one and a half meters long is slowly swallowed and then taken out as instructed by the guru. This is known as dhauti.
Verse 25
कासस्य श्वासयोर्नाश
प्लीहोदरविमोचन ।
कुष्ठं कुष्ठं बिसंयोज्य
विनश्यन्ति धौतिकर्मणः ॥
kāss sy śvāsyor nāś
plīhodr vimochn |
kuṣṭhṁ kuṣṭhṁ bisamyojy
vinnśynnti dhauti krmṇḥ ||
There is no doubt that coughs, asthma, diseases of the spleen, leprosy and twenty kinds of diseases caused by excess mucus are destroyed through the effects of dhauti karma.
Verse 26
कटासने निमज्जितं
कण्ठपर्यन्तं जलमध्ये ।
नालीं गुदे समावेश्य
संकोचनं च बस्तिकम् ॥
ktāsnе nimjjitṁ
kaṇṭh pryṁt jl mdhyе |
nālīṁ gude smāveśy
saṁkochnṁ ch bstikm ||
Sitting in katasana with navel deep in water, insert a tube into the anus and contract the anus. This cleansing with water is called basti karma.
Verse 27
गुल्मोदरी शूलमार्तिः
कामला पाण्डु वातजाः ।
विनश्यन्तु न संशयः
बस्त्याभ्यासकृतेन वै ॥
gulm odrī śūl mārtiḥ
kmālā pāṇḍu vātjāḥ |
vinnśyntu n saṁ śyḥ
bstyābhyās kṛten vї ||
Enlargement of the glands and spleen, and all diseases arising from excess wind, bile and mucus are eliminated from the body through the practice of basti.
Verse 28
बस्त्या शुद्धिर्भवते्कन्द्र
धातुशुद्धिकरी परा ।
दन्तपीडा मुखदौर्गन्ध्यं
नश्यन्ते भस्मसंश्रयः ॥
bstyā śuddhi r bhvet kndra
dhātu śuddhi krī prā |
dnt pīḍā muk hdogrnndhyṁ
nśynte bhsm saṁ śryḥ ||
Through basti practice, the body is cleansed and all dhatus are purified. Tooth decay, bad breath and diseases related to the digestive fire are cured.
Verse 29
सूत्रं सुगोलं सुसूक्ष्मं
नासिकायां प्रवेशयेत् ।
मुखे निर्गत्य निर्गच्छेत्
नेतिक्रिया इयं स्मृता ॥
sūtrṁ sugolṁ susūkṣmṁ
nāsikāyāṁ prveśyet |
mukhe nirgty nirgchhсet
neti kriy iyṁ smṛtā ||
Insert a soft thread through the nose to the length of one handspan so that it comes out of the mouth. This is called neti by the siddhas.
Verse 30
नेत्या भवति चक्षुःस्य
कायस्य सुखदायकम् ।
कण्ठूपरि रोगनाशकं
नेत्या दूरदर्शि भवेत् ॥
netyā bhvti chkṣuḥ sy
kāysy sukhd dyknm |
kaṇṭh üpri rognnāśkṁ
netyā dūr drśi bhvet ||
Neti cleanses the cranium and bestows clairvoyance. It also destroys all diseases which manifest above the throat.
Verse 31
स्थिरनिष्ठुरसम्पश्यां
द्वयोर्मूर्धन्यभवेद् दृष्टिः ।
असंलग्ने नयने पश्यन्
त्राटकं सिद्धसंज्ञितम् ॥
sthir niṣṭhur smpśyāṁ
dvor mūrdhnyybhved dṛṣṭiḥ |
asṁ lggne nye pśyn
trāṭkṁ siddhsaṁ jñitm ||
Looking intently with an unwavering gaze at a small point until tears are shed is known as trataka by the acharyas (teachers).
Verse 32
नेत्ररोगांस्त्रिकुटं च
तन्द्राङ्ग स्वप्नताममः ।
निहन्ति भ्रमकरणं
त्राटकं गुप्तसंशयम् ॥
netr rogāṁstrikutṁ ch
tndrāṅg swptāmmḥ |
nihnti bhrmkrṇṁ
trāṭkṁ gupt saṁ śyṁ ||
Trataka eradicates all eye diseases, fatigue and sloth and closes the doorway creating these problems. It should be carefully kept secret like a golden casket.
Verse 33
अग्रे पयोधरसमुद्रस्य
वामदक्षनभोऽन्तरे ।
अग्नौ मण्डलचक्रे नौ
भ्रमयेत् सद्विवेकवान् ॥
gre pydhr smudry
vāmdkṣ nbh 'ntre |
gnau mṇḍl chhkre nou
bhrmyet sdvivekkvān ||
Lean forward, protrude the abdomen and rotate the muscles from right to left with speed. This is called nauli by the siddhas.
Verse 34
नौलिर्व्यायामसर्वेषां
दीपनी कण्ठवर्धनी ।
वातपित्तकफघ्निनी
सिद्धिर्योगमते मता ॥
naulin vyāyām srvеṣāṁ
dīpnī kaṇṭh vrdhnī |
vāt pittkhghinnī
siddhir yogm te mtā ||
Nauli is foremost of the hatha yoga practices. It kindles the digestive fire, removes indigestion and sluggish digestion, and brings about happiness.
Verse 35
भस्त्रा धमन्ति सम्भ्रान्त्या
प्रश्वासश्चोच्छ्वासयोः ।
कफघ्नी कपालभत्तिः स्यात्
सिद्धै सकलशंकरैः ॥
bhsstrā dhmnnti saṁ bhrāntyā
prśvāsś chochhvāsy oḥ |
kphghnnī kpl bhttḥ syāt
siddhї sklśaṁ krīḥ ||
Perform exhalation and inhalation rapidly like the bellows of a blacksmith. This is called kapalbhati and it destroys all mucous disorders.
Verse 36
शतकर्मणा निःश्वितांश्च
वातादिदोषनिःसारः ।
ततः प्राणायामे सिद्धिः
अनायासेन भवति वै ॥
śttkrmṇā niḥ śvitāṁśch
vātādi doṣ niḥ sāraḥ |
tataḥ prāṇāyāme siddhiḥ
anāyāsen bhvti vї ||
By the six karmas (shatkarma) one is freed from excesses of the doshas. Then pranayama is practiced and success is achieved without strain.
Verse 37
केचित्पञ्चकर्मणा प्रोक्ता
न सशतकर्माभिः कृता ।
प्राणायामेनैव शुद्धिर्
भवति न सशतकर्मणः ॥
kechit pañchkrmṇā proktā
n sśtkrmābhḥ kṛtā |
prāṇāyāmеniv śuddhi
bhvti n sśtkrmṇḥ ||
According to some teachers, pranayama alone removes impurities and therefore they hold pranayama in esteem and not the other techniques.
Verse 38
उदरे यमलं कण्ठे
अपानमुत्क्षिप्य उष्माणः ।
वमनं गजकरणं
नाम्ना सिद्धगतेः स्मृतम् ॥
udr ymi kaṇṭhe
apān mutkṣipy uṣmāṇḥ |
vmnaṁ gjkrṇṁ
nāmnā siddh gteḥ smṛtm ||
Vomiting the contents in the stomach by moving the apana into the throat is called gaja karani by those who have attained knowledge of hatha yoga. Through this, control of the nadis is brought about.
IV. Pranayama Practice
Verses 39–47 | General pranayama guidelines, kumbhaka, bandhas
Verse 39
देवा देवेषु नित्यं च
प्राणायामाभ्यसत् सदा ।
मृत्युभयं मुञ्चति स्वर्गं
गच्छति तस्मात् सर्वदा ॥
dev deveṣu nityṁ ch
prāṇāyām bhyast sdā |
mṛtyubhyṁ muñchti svrgṁ
gchhti tsmāt srvdā ||
Even Brahma and other gods in heaven devote themselves to practicing pranayama because it ends the fear of death. Thus it must be practiced.
Verse 40
रेचकपूरकयोर्बद्ध
कुम्भकेन समन्वितैः ।
क्रमेण सहसा नाडी
विशुद्धिं परमं गतिः ॥
rechk pūrk yorbddh
kumbhken smnnvitïḥ |
krmeṇ shhsā nāḍī
viśuddh paramṁ gtiḥ ||
By systematically restraining the prana through inhalation, retention and exhalation, the nadis are purified and prana enters sushumna.
Verse 41
निश्चलः सुखसंस्थानां
सरलश्चञ्चलवर्जितः ।
सुषुम्णायां समासेषु
वायुर्विश्यति मध्यगः ॥
niśchluḥ sukh saṁ sthānāṁ
srlś chhañchl vrjitḥ |
suṣumṇāyāṁ smāseṣu
vāyu rviśyti mdhygḥ ||
When the body is still and the mind is steady, the vital air enters the middle passage and the gate to sushumna opens.
Verse 42
प्राणे मध्यनिलायांते
मनो निष्प्रवृतस्य वै ।
तदा मनोन्मनी नीतः
सर्वसंकल्पवर्जितः ॥
prāṇe mdhy nily āṁ te
mno niṣ prv ṛtsy vї |
tdā mnonmnī nītḥ
srv saṁkhlp vrjitḥ ||
The breath moving in the middle passage makes the mind still. This steadiness of mind is itself called the state of manonmani.
Verse 43
कुम्भकां च विविधांश्चैव
साधयित्वा महायोगीः ।
कामरूपास्य चिद्रूपा
भवन्ति परमेश्वराः ॥
kumbhkāṁ ch vivdhāṁ śchiv
sādhytv mhhāyogīḥ |
kāmrūpāsy chiddrūpā
bhvnnti prmeśvrāḥ ||
By practicing the various kumbhakas, wondrous perfections are obtained. Those who are the knowers practice the various kumbhakas to accomplish them.
Verse 44
पूरकान्ते जालन्धरं
बन्धं सदा समाचरेत् ।
कुम्भकान्ते तु उद्दीयानं
रेचकादौ विमोचयेत् ॥
pūrkānte jāl ndhraṁ
bndhṁ sdā smāchret |
kumbhkānte tu uddīyānṁ
rechkādau vimochyet ||
At the end of inhalation, jalandhara bandha is done. At the end of kumbhaka and beginning of exhalation, uddiyana bandha is done.
Verse 45
उद्धरेदपानं ऊर्ध्वं
नीचीकृत्य प्राणमुद्धतम् ।
षोडशवर्षायु कायः
न जरायन्ति योगिनः ॥
uddhredhd apānṁ ūrdhvṁ
nīchīkṛty prāṇm uddhtnm |
ṣoḍś vṛṣāyu kāyḥ
n jrāynti yogiṇḥ ||
Raising the apana upward and bringing the prana down from the throat, the yogi becomes free from old age and appears as if sixteen years of age.
Verse 46
नाभेरूर्ध्वं पदं चक्षुं
चिबुकं कण्ठमर्दने ।
मूलबन्धं समाभ्यस्य
मानवो विशते सुषुम्नम् ॥
nābhеrūrdhvṁ pdṁ chkṣṁ
chbukṁ kaṇṭhmrdne |
mūlbndhṁ smābhysy
mānvo viśte suṣumnm ||
Through the practice of mula bandha and by fixing the gaze, the yogi creates space for prana to enter sushumna.
Verse 47
निर्गच्छतीदं गुदे
अपानः सदृढं कृतः ।
तदा तु उद्धरणं वायुः
प्राणमुद्धरणें व्यञ्जनम् ॥
nirgchhtti dṁ gude
apānḥ sdṛḍṁ kṛtḥ |
tdā tu uddhraṇṁ vāyuḥ
prāṇ muddhraṇeṁ vyjnnm ||
Through the contraction of mula bandha, the downward apana is held firm and the upward prana is brought into balance.
V. Suryabheda & Ujjayi
Verses 48–53 | Sun-piercing breath and psychic breath techniques
Verse 48
सुखासने स्थिरो भूत्वा
सूर्यनाड्या निरोधयेत् ।
दक्षिणे स्वरदेशेन
सुषुम्नामार्गदर्शकः ॥
sukhāsne sthiro bhūtvā
sūry nāḍyā nirodyhет |
dkṣiṇe svrdeśen
suṣumnā mārg drśkḥ ||
Sitting comfortably, the yogi should become fixed in his posture and slowly breathe the air in through the right nostril—the path of the sun.
Verse 49
रेचनं कुम्भकमातञ्च
सूर्यमार्गे प्रचोदितम् ।
तदा दीप्तिर्भवेद् देहे
संस्कारश्च महाबलः ॥
rechnṁ kumbhk mātañch
sūry mārge prchoditm |
tdā dīptir bhved dehe
saṁ skārś ch mhhbḥ ||
Through retention in the sun channel, heat and vitality are awakened in the body.
Verse 50
सुरभिः सुगुणः सत्वं
दीपनी सुषुम्णामार्गे ।
भस्मनामौषधिः सर्वे
रोगाः सूर्याभेदनत् क्षयम् ॥
surbhḥ suguṇḥ satvṁ
dīpnī suṣumnā mārge |
bhsmn nnmauṣdhḥ srve
rogāḥ sūry ābhedn kṣym ||
Suryabheda pranayama awakens power and vitality and destroys diseases of the respiratory tract.
Verse 51
वामनारीयां निःश्वस्य
पिंगले रोचयेत् गतिः ।
नादोयां कण्ठे संचरेद्
उज्ज्वलं सद्विवेकनम् ॥
vāmn ārīyāṁ niḥ śvsy
piṅgle rochyet gtiḥ |
nādo yāṁ kaṇṭhe saṁ chred
ujjvlṁ sdviveknnm ||
Closing the mouth, inhale with control and concentration through both nostrils, so that the breath is felt from the throat to the heart and produces a sonorous sound.
Verse 52
उज्ज्वायी परमेहारु
योगीनां प्रिया मता ।
कण्ठे नाद उत्पन्नो वै
राग यलनायी कण्ठनम् ॥
ujjvāyī prmeḥhāru
yogīnāṁ priyā mtā |
kaṇṭhe nād utpnno vї
rāg ylnnāyī kaṇṭhnnm ||
Ujjayi is very dear to the yogis. Through this practice, the mind becomes steady and diseases of the throat are cured.
Verse 53
संचरेत् कण्ठे हृदये
नादोयनजनितः क्षणम् ।
सर्वोग्राहि महायोगी
योगिनां श्रेष्ठते मते ॥
saṁ chret kaṇṭhe hṛdye
nādo ynnjnitḥ kṣṇm |
srvō grāhi mhhāyogī
yogīṇāṁ śreṣṭhte mte ||
Through ujjayi pranayama, the inner sound travels from the throat to the heart, bestowing great peace.
VI. Sheetkari & Sheetali
Verses 54–58 | Cooling breath practices
Verse 54
दन्तैर्वेणीकृतद्वारां
वचने श्वसिते निःश्वसेत् ।
शीत्कारी प्रथिते मुख
नाड्यां श्वसनरोचकम् ॥
dntair veṇīkṛ tdvārāṁ
vchne śvasiteḥ niḥ śvaset |
śīt kārī prthi te mukh
nāḍyāṁ śvasn rochkm ||
By drawing the breath in through the mouth making a hissing sound, without gaping the mouth, and exhale through the nose. This is sheetkari pranayama.
Verse 55
शीत्कारे कामदो राजा
योगिनीसेविते नृणाम् ।
भुक्तिर्मुक्तिः परा योगी
क्षुधातृष्णास्वपोनिद्रा ॥
śīt kāre kāmdo rājā
yoginī sеvite nṛṇāṁ |
bhukti muktiḥ prā yogī
kṣudhā tṛṣṇāś wpo niddrā ||
He is adored by the circle of yoginis and becomes the controller of creation and dissolution, being without hunger, thirst, sleep and sloth.
Verse 56
सर्वोपद्रवविर्मुक्तो
देहे सत्त्वं विशुद्धकम् ।
शीत्कारणं तु सर्वात्मा
भवेद् योगेश्वरो नृणाम् ॥
srvō pdrv virmukt
dehe sattvṁ viśuddhnkm |
śīt kāraṇṁ tu srvātmā
bhved yogeśvr nṛṇāṁ ||
And the sattwa in the body becomes free from all disturbances. Truly, by this method one becomes lord of yogis on this earth.
Verse 57
वचने श्वसने कुम्भके
उच्छ्वासे मुखेनैव च ।
शीतली मुनिसंमता
कामदा योगिनां परा ॥
vchne śvasne kumbhke
uchhvāse mukhеnïv ch |
śītlī muni saṁ mtā
kāmdn yogīnāṁ prā ||
The wise inhale air through the tongue and practice kumbhaka as before, then exhale the air through the nostrils. This is sheetali pranayama.
Verse 58
शीतलीञ्च सदा भाति
नादबिन्दुमयीं यदि ।
भुक्तिमुक्त्या परं नीतः
सिद्धो भवति योगिनः ॥
śītlīñ ch sdā bhāti
nād bindumyīṁ ydi |
bhukti mukt yā paṁ nītḥ
siddho bhvti yogiṇḥ ||
Through sheetali pranayama, both worldly enjoyment and liberation are attained. The yogi becomes perfected.
VII. Bhastrika
Verses 59–67 | Bellows breath technique
Verse 59
पद्मासने तु संस्थाय
समकायस्य दृढासनः ।
भस्त्रिकां प्रचरेत् सद्यो
वामदक्षेष्टु नारीषु ॥
pdmāsne tu saṁ sthāy
smk āysy dṛḍh snaḥ |
bhsstrīkāṁ prchret sdyo
vāmdkṣеṣṭu nārīṣu ||
Placing both soles of the feet on the thighs is padmasana which destroys all sins. In this asana, practice bhastrika pranayama.
Verse 60
वामनारीभ्यां सुखेन
पूरकं कुर्वते क्रमात् ।
तदा तु रेचयेद् रुद्धो
नाड्यां पश्चिमहस्ते ॥
vāmn ārībhyāṁ sukhеn
pūrkṁ kurvte krmt |
tdā tu rechyеd ruddh
nāḍyāṁ pśchm hste ||
Inhale slowly through both nostrils from left and right alternately, then exhale with force through both nostrils.
Verse 61
इदमेव भस्त्रिकं प्रोक्तं
दश पञ्च सु मञ्जरे ।
वामदक्षेषु नारीषु
दशान्तु ततो भ्रमयेत् ॥
idmev bhsstrīkṁ proktṁ
dśh pañch su mñjre |
vāmdkṣеṣu nārīṣu
dśāntu ttto bhrmyеt ||
Practice bhastrika ten to twelve times through the left and right nostrils alternately.
Verse 62
भस्त्रिकां कुर्वतः सद्यो
देहे उष्णता प्रजायते ।
शुद्धिर्नादीनां चक्राणां
पन्नविष्टप्यमतम् ॥
bhsstrīkāṁ kurvtḥ sdyo
dehe uṣṇtā prjyte |
śuddhi rnādīṇāṁ chkrāṇāṁ
pnn viṣṭ pyмtm ||
When practicing bhastrika, heat is generated in the body and the nadis are purified.
Verse 63
अष्टचक्रे पन्नभिद्य
कुण्डलिनीं जनयेत् सुषुम्नः ।
भस्त्रिकायां सदा नित्यं
लयञ्जातो भवेत् सुखः ॥
aṣṭ chkre pnn bhiddy
kuṇḍlinīṁ jnyеt suṣumnḥ |
bhsstrīkāyāṁ sdā nityṁ
lyañ jāto bhvet sukhḥ ||
Bhastrika pierces through the eight chakras and awakens kundalini in sushumna.
Verse 64
वामभागे सु सम्भ्रान्तो
नाड्या भस्त्रिकमाभ्यसेत् ।
तदा सूर्यनलः सद्यो
जाग्रितो भवते महान् ॥
vām bhāge su saṁ bhrānto
nāḍyā bhsstrīkm ābhyaset |
tdā sūry nlaḥ sdyo
jāgrito bhvte mhhān ||
When practicing bhastrika through the left nostril, the moon element is stimulated.
Verse 65
दक्षनारीभ्यां सम्भ्रान्त्या
भस्त्रिकमभ्यसे क्रमात् ।
तदा चन्द्रनलः शीघ्रं
प्रशान्तिर्भवते मनः ॥
dkṣ nārībhyāṁ saṁ bhrāntyā
bhsstrīk m bhyase krmt |
tdā chndr nlaḥ śīghṛṁ
prśānti r bhvte mnḥ ||
When practicing bhastrika through the right nostril, the sun element is activated.
Verse 66
भस्त्रिकेण सदा नित्यं
कुण्डलिनी जनायते ।
मलं शोषयते शीघ्रं
सुषुम्णाद्वारमुद्धरेत् ॥
bhsstrīkeṇ sdā nityṁ
kuṇḍlinī jnnyte |
mlaṁ śoṣyте śīghṛṁ
suṣumnā dvār muddhrеt ||
This bhastrika quickly arouses kundalini. It is pleasant and beneficial, and removes obstruction due to excess mucus accumulated at the entrance to brahma nadi.
Verse 67
भस्त्रिकेन सदा नित्यं
कुण्डलिनीशक्तिजगतां ।
मलानि विषते भस्त्रे
वायुः सुषुम्नामुद्धरेत् ॥
bhsstrīken sdā nityṁ
kuṇḍlinī śkti jgtāṁ |
mlāni viṣte bhstre
vāyuḥ suṣumnā muddhrеt ||
Through bhastrika pranayama, kundalini is awakened and impurities are removed from all channels.
VIII. Bhramari, Moorchha & Plavini
Verses 68–70 | Humming bee, swooning, and gulping breaths
Verse 68
पूरकं भ्रमरनादः
मङ्गलबोधनमर्णवः ।
रेचकस्तु भ्रमरी स्त्रीणां
सोत्सव्यं मनोहरम् ॥
pūrkṁ bhrmr nādḥ
mṅgl bodhnnṁ rnvḥ |
rechhks tu bhrmrī strīṇāṁ
sotsyvyṁ mnohrnm ||
Breathe in quickly, making a reverberating sound like the male black bee, and exhale slowly while softly making the sound of the female black bee. By this practice one becomes lord of the yogis.
Verse 69
पूरकान्ते जालन्धरं
कुर्वीत निश्चलो मनाः ।
निर्गमे सुषुमामार्गे
मूर्च्छा प्राप्तिः सुखावहा ॥
pūrkānte jāl ndhraṁ
kurvīt niśchlo mnḥ |
nirgme suṣum māṛge
mūrchhā prāptiḥ sukhāvhā ||
At the end of inhalation, gradually become fixed on jalandhara bandha, then exhale slowly. This is called moorchha pranayama as it makes the mind inactive and thus confers pleasure.
Verse 70
पूरयेद् वायुमन्तःस्थं
कण्ठे बद्धो भवेत् सदा ।
तदा सरोवरे पद्मं
जलमध्ये तरेन्नरः ॥
pūryеd vāyu m ntḥ sthṁ
kaṇṭhe bddh bhvet sdā |
tdā srovr pdṁ
jl mdhyе tren nrḥ ||
The inner part of the abdomen being completely filled with air, one can float like a lotus leaf on water. This is plavini pranayama.
IX. Kumbhaka & Perfection
Verses 71–78 | Types of kumbhaka, kevala kumbhaka, signs of perfection
Verse 71
रेचकं पूरकं कुम्भकं
प्राणायामस्त्रयोविधः ।
कुम्भके भेदयोर्दो भागः
सहितः केवलश्च सः ॥
rechkṁ pūrkṁ kumbhkṁ
prāṇāyāms tryovidhḥ |
kumbhke bhedyor do bhāgḥ
sahitḥ kevlś ch sḥ ||
Pranayama is said to be of three types: exhalation (rechaka), inhalation (pooraka) and retention (kumbhaka). Kumbhaka is again of two types: connected (sahita) and unconnected (kevala).
Verse 72
सहितो जनिते रचकं
पूरकं प्रतिलोमतः ।
केवलः कुम्भको हीनो
रचकप्पूरकं भवेत् ॥
sahito jnite rechkṁ
pūrkṁ prtilomnṭḥ |
kevlḥ kumbhko hīno
rechkp pūrkṁ bhvet ||
In connected kumbhaka, exhalation and inhalation are practiced with retention. In unconnected kumbhaka, retention is practiced without preceding exhalation and inhalation.
Verse 73
केवलो नाम कुम्भको
राजयोगे महाबलः ।
आसनस्य बलं तस्य
वायोर्वेदप्रवर्तकः ॥
kevlo nām kumbhko
rāj yogе mhhbḥ |
āsnsy blṁ tsy
vāyor vedprvrтkḥ ||
Kevala kumbhaka (unconnected retention) is supreme. It destroys all obstacles and obstructions.
Verse 74
केवलकुम्भकसिद्धये
प्राणायामः कृतो बलवत् ।
तदा सर्वज्ञता सिद्धं
कालयोगश्च सिद्धयते ॥
kevl kumbhk siddhyе
prāṇāyāmḥ kṛto blvt |
tdā srvjñtā siddhaṁ
kāl yogś ch siddhyте ||
Through the perfection of kevala kumbhaka, the highest knowledge is attained and all obstacles are removed.
Verse 75
राजयोगो न संशयः
कुम्भकेनैव सिद्ध्यते ।
रेचकपूरकवर्जितः
कुम्भकश्चैव साधयेत् ॥
rāj yogō n saṁ śyḥ
kumbhkеnïv siddhyте |
rechkpūrk vrjitḥ
kumbhkś chïv sādhyеt ||
There is no doubt, the state of raja yoga is also attained through kevala kumbhaka. By retention kundalini is aroused, sushumna becomes unobstructed and perfection of hatha yoga takes place.
Verse 76
कुम्भकेन प्राणवोरोधो
निरोधो मनसस्तदा ।
चेतसः परमे सत्तां
निर्विचारे समाधिना ॥
kumbhken prāṇ vor odh
nirodh mnss tdā |
chеtss prme stṭāṁ
nirvichāre smādhinn ||
By stopping the prana through retention, the mind becomes free from all modifications. By thus practicing this yoga, one achieves the stage of raja yoga.
Verse 77
निर्मलात्मा तदा भूत्वा
सुखीभूय परं पदम् ।
सिद्धो भूत्वा हठयोगे
राजयोगे तथा क्षमते ॥
nirml tmā tdā bhūtvā
sukhībhuty prṁ pdṁ |
siddh bhūtvā hṭ yogе
rāj yogе tthā kṣmte ||
The yogi becomes pure, peaceful and perfected. Through mastery of hatha yoga, the gateway to raja yoga opens.
Verse 78
कृशता कान्तिमुद्धारः
नादबिन्दुमयीं दृढः ।
विषण्णेद्रीयतः सिद्धः
परम सर्वत्रेह गतिः ॥
kṛśtā kānti muddhhāraḥ
nād bindumyīṁ dṛḍḥ |
viṣṇṇеdrīytḥ sidddhḥ
prm srvtrеh gtiḥ ||
Perfection of hatha yoga is achieved when there is leanness of the body, tranquil countenance, manifestation of the inner sound, and freedom from all obstacles.